Small and simple unit, Can be used for Home-Security purpose

In this fire alarm circuit, a Thermistor works as the heat sensor. When temperature increases, its resistance decreases, and vice versa. At normal temperature, the resistance of the Thermistor (TH1) is approximately 10 kilo-ohms, which reduces to a few ohms as the temperature increases beyond 100 C. The circuit uses readily available components and can be easily constructed on any general-purpose PCB.

Fire Alarm Using Thermistor Circuit diagram:

Parts	Description
R1	470R
R2	470R
R3	33K
R4	560R
R5	470R
R6	47K
R7	2.2K
R8	470R
C1	10uF-16V
C2	0.04uF-63V
C3	0.01uF-63V
Q1	BC548
Q2	BC558
Q3	SL100B
D1	Red Led
D2	1N4001
IC1	NE555
SPKR	1W-8R
TH1	Thermistor-10K

Circuit Operation:

Timer IC NE555 (IC1) is wired as an astable multivibrator oscillating in audio frequency band. Switching transistors Q1 and Q2 drive multivibrator IC1. The output of IC1 is connected to NPN transistor Q3, which drives the loudspeaker (SPKR) to generate sound. The frequency of IC1 depends on the values of resistors R6, R7 and capacitor C2. When Thermistor TH1 becomes hot, it provides a low-resistance path to extend positive voltage to the base of transistor Q1 via diode D2 and resistor R3. Capacitor C1 charges up to the positive voltage and increases the ‘on’ time of alarm. 

The higher the value of capacitor C1, the higher the forward voltage applied to the base of transistor Q1. Since the collector of transistor Q1 is connected to the base of transistor Q2, transistor Q2 provides positive voltage to reset pin 4 of IC1. R5 is used such that IC1 remains inactive in the absence of positive voltage. D2 stops discharging of capacitor C1 when the Thermistor connected to the positive supply cools down and provides a high-resistance (10k) path. It also stops the conduction of Q1. To prevent the Thermistor from melting, wrap it up in mica tape. The circuit works off a 6V-12V regulated power supply. D1 is used to indicate that power to the circuit is switched on.

Source: http://www.ecircuitslab.com/2011/06/fire-alarm-using-thermistor.html