Wiring panel: two

Thursday, August 15, 2013

Two Basic Motor Speed Controllers

Here are two simple 12V DC motor speed controllers that can be built for just a few dollars. They exploit the fact that the rotational speed of a DC motor is directly proportional to the mean value of its supply voltage. The first circuit shows how variable voltage speed control can be obtained via a potentiometer (VR1) and compound emitter follower (Q1 & Q2). With this arrangement, the motor’s DC voltage can be varied from 0V to about 12V. This type of circuit gives good speed control and self-regulation at medium to high speeds but very poor low-speed control and slow starts. The second circuit uses a switchmode technique to vary motor speed.

Circuit diagram:

Fig.1: a very simple motor speed controller based on a compound emitter follower (Q1 & Q2).

Here a quad NOR gate (IC1) acts as a 50Hz astable multivibrator that generates a rectangular output. The mark-space ratio of the rectangular waveform is fully variable from 20:1 to 1:20 via potentiometer VR1. The output from the multivibrator drives the base of Q1, which in turn drives Q2 and the motor. The motor’s mean supply voltage (integrated over a 50Hz period) is thus fully variable with VR1 but is applied in the form of high-energy "pulses" with peak values of about 12V.

Circuit diagram:

Fig.2: this slightly more complicated circuit gives better low speed control and higher torque.

This type of circuit gives excellent full-range speed control and gives high motor torque, even at very low speeds. Its degree of speed self-regulation is proportional to the mean value of the applied voltage. Note that for most applications, the power transistor (Q2) in both circuits will need to be mounted on an appropriate heatsink.

Source by : Streampowers

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Thursday, April 11, 2013

Two button Digital Lock

Now here’s a digital lock unlike any other, as it has only two buttons instead of the usual numeric keypad. The way it works is as simple as its keypad. Button S1 is used to enter the digits of the secret code in a pulsed fashion-i.e. the number of times you press the but-ton is determined by the digit to be entered. A dial telephone uses the same type of coding (now maybe there’s an idea?). Press four times for a 4, nine times for a 9, etc. Pressing button S2 indicates the end of a digit.

Two-button Digital Lock Project Image:

For example, to enter the code 4105, press S1 four times, then press S2, then S1 once, S2 once, then without pressing S1 at all, press S2 again, then finally S1 five times and S2 once to finish. If the code is correct, the green LED D1 lights for 2 seconds and the relay is energised for 2 seconds. If the code is wrong, the red LED D2 lights for 2 seconds, and the relay is not energised. To change the code, fit a jumper to J1 and enter the current code. When the green LED D1 has flashed twice, enter the new 4-digit code. D1 will flash three times and you will need to confirm the new code. If this confirmation is correct, D1 will flash four times. If the red LED D2 flashes four times, some-thing’s wrong and you’ll need to start all over again. To finish the operation, remove the jumper and turn the power off and on again the digital lock is now ready for use with the new code.

Two-button Digital Lock Circuit diagram :

The software can be found on the webpage for the project [1]. Don’t forget to erase the microcontroller’s EEPROM memory before programming it, so you can be sure that the default code is 1234 and not some -thing unknown that was left behind in the EEPROM. A little exercise for our readers: convert this project into a single-button digital lock for example, by using a long press on S1 instead of pressing S2 to detect the end of a digit.

Author : Francis Perrenoud - Copyright : Elektor

Source : http://www.ecircuitslab.com/2012/02/two-button-digital-lock.html

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