Showing posts with label charger. Show all posts
Showing posts with label charger. Show all posts
Tuesday, December 17, 2013
Simple Nicad Battery Charger
This simple charger uses a single transistor as a constant current source. The voltage across the pair of 1N4148 diodes biases the base of the BD140 medium power transistor. The base - emitter voltage of the transistor and the forward voltage drop across the diodes are relatively stable. The charging current is approximately 15mA or 45mA with the switch closed. This suits most 1.5V and 9V rechargeable batteries. The transformer should have a secondary rating of 12V ac at 0.5amp, the primary should be 220/240volts for Europe or 120volts ac for North America.
Simple Nicad Battery Charger Circuit diagram :
WARNING: Take care with this circuit. Use a voltmeter to observe correct polarity. Nicads can explode if short circuited or connected with the wrong polarity.
Tuesday, April 9, 2013
A Homemade Fence Charger Energizer Circuit Explained
The electric fence charger circuit presented here is basically a high voltage pulse generator. The super high voltage is derived from a commonly used automobile ignition coil. An astable multivibrator is used to generate the required frequency to drive the ignition coil. Another astable is used to control the pulses supplied to the fence.
Circuit Description
If you have large agricultural fields and desperately need to protect the crops from uninvited guests like animals and possibly humans, then this electric fence charger device is just what you are looking for. Build and install it yourself.
An electric fence is an electrified high voltage barrier which produces painful shocks if physically touched or manipulated. Thus such fencing basically function as deterrents for animals as well as human intruders and stop them from crossing the restricted boundary.
The present circuit of an electric fence charger is designed and tested by me and has proved sufficiently powerful for the application.
The circuit is able to produce voltage pulses up to 20,000 volts, needless to say about the fatality rate involved with it. However the pulses being intermittent, provides the subject with enough time to realize, recover and eject.
The generated pulse is so powerful that it can easily arc and fly-off between short distances of around a cm. so the fencing conductor needs to be separated adequately to avoid leakages through arcing and sparking. If not tackled, may drastically reduce the effectiveness of the unit.
Here the generation of high voltage is primarily carried out by an automobile ignition coil.
The winding ratios of an ignition coil are specifically designed and intended for creating high voltage arc between a two closely spaced conductors inside the ignition chamber to initiate the ignition process in vehicles.
Basically it’s just a step-up transformer, which is able to step-up an input applied voltage at its primary winding to monstrous levels at its output or the secondary winding.
SOME POINTS OF THE CIRCUIT AND THE IGNITION COIL IS VERY DANGEROUS TO TOUCH WHEN POWERED. ESPECIALLY THE IGNITION COIL OUTPUT IS TOO LETHAL AND MAY EVEN CAUSE PARALYSIS.
Let’s diagnose the whole thing more deeply.
In the CIRCUIT DIAGRAM we see that the entire circuit is basically comprised of four stages.
A DC oscillator stage,
An intermediate 12 to 230 volts step-up stage,
The voltage collector and firing stage and
The super high voltage-booster stage.
TR1 and TR2 are two normal step-down transformers whose secondary windings are connected through SCR2. TR2’s input primary winding may be selected as per the country specification.
However, TR1’s primary should be rated at 230 volts.
IC1 along with the associated components forms a normal astable multivibrator stage. The supply voltage to the circuit is derived from the secondary of TR2 itself.
The output from the astable is used to trigger SCR2 and the whole system, at a particular fixed intermittent rate as per the settings of P1.
During the ON periods, SCR2 connects the 12 volt AC from TR2 to the secondary of TR1 so that a 230 volt potential instantly becomes available at the other end of TR1.
This voltage is fed to the voltage-firing stage consisting of the SCR1 as the main active component along with a few diodes, resistor and the capacitor C4.
The fired voltage from SCR1 is dumped into the primary winding of the ignition coil, where it is instantly pulled to a massive 20,000 volts at its secondary winding. This voltage may be suitably terminated into the fencing.
The high voltage generated by this electric fence charger will need to be carefully applied across the whole length of the fence.
The two poles from the ignition coil connected to the fence wiring should be kept at least 2 inches apart.
The pillars of the fence should be ideally made of plastic or similar non conducting material, never use metal and not even wood (wood tend to absorb moisture and may give path to leakages).
Parts List
R4 = 1K, 1WATT,
R5 = 100 OHMS, 1WATT,
P1 = 27K PRESET
C4 = 105/400V PPC,
ALL DIODES ARE 1N4007,
IC = 555
TR1 = 0-12V/3Amp (120 or 230V)
TR2 = 0-12V/1Amp (120 or 230V)
BOTH THE SCRs ARE C106 OR PREFERABLY BT151,
TWO WHEELER IGNITION COIL IS SHOWN IN FLUORESCENT BLUE COLOR
Saturday, April 6, 2013
Making a Joule Thief Charger Circuit with Steven Chiverton
Continued from the previous article
Here is the joule thief used to test my button cells out after I successfully recharged them.
Here is the joule thief used to test my button cells out after I successfully recharged them.
Heres my battery charger joule thief all installed into a circuit box.
Below is the front view, notice the 12 volts green light at the front panel that is modified to house a neon globe inside it.
While looking through my electronics parts draws I found another 7 or 8 more button batteries and some had charge still on them and some I recharged successfully and 2 couldn’t be charged anyhow a few small ones took a little zapping to get them to take a charge so maybe if they are got some sulphate in them if not then why did it take so long to get them to except a charge.?
Yesterday I found another button battery cell and after a few seconds charging it started to get warm so I stopped it before it got to hot otherwise it would explode
Now I have 24 button cell batteries.
Below is a picture of the bright white with pink flash of a photo flash capacitor neon circuit test
The outputs of my battery charger joule thief run to the 330 volts photo flash capacitor, and across its leads I placed a neon bulb, loosely so every so long you hear a spark jump but cant see it unless the neon leg is getting pulled in by the high voltage attraction then a short time after that the flash occurs, so if the neon is rated at 90 volts then the cap charge may be the same till it charges up more I filmed this then put it onto my pc and then I had to slow it down so much to capture the super fast flash then pause it then take a picture of it to load back onto my pc.
Heres what it looks like when it aint flashing
ive soldered one of the neon legs to one of the high voltage 330 volts photo flash capacitor legs and the other neon leg I had it just nearly touching the other capacitor terminal but I didn’t get the arc and flash after it like I got before .
next test was running one of my jumper leads to a folded peace of aluminum foil and back to the hv capacitor and the other lead I ran to the other hv cap leg to a pencil and when the neon at the 330 volts 2200uf photo flash cap come on I gently touched the lead pencil tip to the foil edge where its folded and I got flashes etc and tiny holes melted through it and when I tried to unfold the foil it was stuck like it was spot welded , and there sure was this horrible smell made by spot welding aluminum foil.
Next experiment was running the leads from the capacitor to 2x 316 grade stainless steel bolts in a jar of tap water to create any electrolysis effects and I got very fine misty vapours come up to the top of the water and no bubbles and even when the bolts slipped together I was still getting it and even when they are apart to, and the further apart the bolts are the lower the frequency of sound is emitted from the battery charger joule thief and the closer the bolt electrodes are the higher the frequency of the sound the circuit emits gets ,
My watch battery I charged before has stopped I guess the charge didn’t last long enough, I charged it on the 24th may 2010 and it lasted till today at 8past 8 , either in the morning or last night , so it lasted a week only im gona try re charging it again . Also today at the shops I went to the place they do watches and shoes and there was thousands of button cells inside this Perspex box even large ones next to it , but no one was there to answer my questions about them .
Ive recharged my watch battery again today but I was charging it the wrong way around so I got it right after that now my watch is running again so ill see how long its lasts for this time.
Today is June the 1st 2010 so lets see if it lasts a week, also if it lasts longer then it may be the reverse charging that contributed to the extra running time before I charged it right
I scored a packet of free button cell batteries including large lithium cells and a few small 12 volts pencil batteries for free from 2 places in Armadale that also replace watch batteries, they have thousands of them and I counted what they gave me in total I had 85 batteries mostly button cells and ive successfully recharged them all except some lithium large button cells so also my 25 batteries I had it makes 110 batteries in total including the few large lithium cells that couldn’t be charged or revived at all some of the batteries still had power in them to .
Half the button cell batteries couldn’t maintain there charge and went flat overnight
So I recharged them again so ill soon check to see if they hold there charge this time also I dismantled a lithium battery it has a thin white membrane that reacts with water and foams up and also a thicker black membrane with what looks like very thin silver wire looking cross patterns on its sides and when I dismantled that battery it sure stunk inside it to
Today Tuesday June 8th 2010 I decided to use my 4 rechargeable batteries from my camera to power my radiant joule thief battery charger, to restore my 12 volts 7.2 amps an hour 20 hour sla battery, and so after an hour or so I used a pair of tweezers to short out the battery terminal and I got some sparks where I didn’t before that, so I left the joule thief battery charger running all day today and now when I plug in the battery charger the red charging led light doesn’t go to green after a short charge that’s trickle charge, when green its still on red so im looking forward to how it goes when fully charged then in the green when its charged so if I get plenty sparks when I short the battery terminals then I can say the battery has been revived .
My 12 volts sla battery appears to still have a tiny bit of sulphate on its plates as its voltage dropped 0.7 volts over night so when the battery is low and needs topping up ill put it back on the joule thief circuit.
Friday, April 5, 2013
Ultra Fast Battery charger circuit
Ultra Fast Battery Chager for Nickel-Cadmium battery cells [NiCad] which will be discussed in this article is Fast NiCad Battery Charger, called the Ultra Fast Charger Battery Charger NiCad because it can make filling fast NiCad Batteries Cell. A battery charger in Desai has a fast charging capabilities such as Ultra Fast Battery Chager for Nickel-Cadmium battery cells [NiCad] on this article shall be equipped with some ability to protect the battery and charger circuit itself.
Feature owned by Ultra Fast Battery Chager for Nickel-Cadmium battery cells [NiCad]
- Autoshut-off, is the ability of the charger to stop charging current to a NiCad battery if the capacity NiCad battery is fully charged.
- Polarity Protection, with the existence of this capability so if there are mounting the battery on the charger upside yan can be known.
- Constant output voltage
- Output currents enough to fill some NiCad batteries at once in parallel.
- Short Circuit Protection, with the existence of this protection circuit so if there is short-circuit caused by a battery and a charger circuit itself will not damage the other parts are not damaged.
- Series Ultra Fast Battery Chager for Nickel-Cadmium battery cells [NiCad]
Image series above is a series of schematic drawings for Ultra Fast Battery Chager for Nickel-Cadmium battery cells [NiCad]. Ultra Fast Battery Chager for Nickel-Cadmium battery cells [NiCad] can be used for 8 to 10 NiCad batteries at once with 12 volt output voltage and max current is 3.5 A. The main components in the circuit of Ultra Fast Battery Chager for Nickel-Cadmium battery cells [NiCad] is UC3843 and MC34181. UC3843 chip is a voltage regulator and M34181 is a JFET OpAmp with characteristic low offset voltage, input impedance is very high. MC34181 serves as a voltage comparator.
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